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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier Affiner la rechercheAcrolein yields in mainstream smoke from commercial cigarette and little cigar tobacco products / Todd, L. Cecil (2017)
Titre : Acrolein yields in mainstream smoke from commercial cigarette and little cigar tobacco products Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Todd, L. Cecil, Auteur ; Tim, M. Brewer, Auteur ; Mimy Young, Auteur Editeur : Oxford University Press Année de publication : 2017 Collection : Nicotine and Tobacco Research Importance : p. 865-870 Présentation : tab.,graph. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:fumée:acroléine
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtre
[TABAC] étudeIndex. décimale : TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) Résumé : Introduction:
Many carbonyls are produced from the combustion of tobacco products and many of these carbonyls are harmful or potentially harmful constituents of mainstream cigarette smoke.
One carbonyl of particular interest is acrolein, which is formed from the incomplete combustion of organic matter and the most significant contributor to non-cancer respiratory effects from cigarette smoke. Sheet-wrapped cigars, also known as “little cigars,” are a type of tobacco products that have not been extensively investigated in literature.
Methods:
This study uses standard cigarette testing protocols to determine the acrolein yields from sheet-wrapped cigars. Sheet-wrapped cigar and cigarette products were tested by derivatizing the mainstream smoke with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) solution and then quantifying the derivatives using conventional analytical systems.
Results:
The results demonstrate that sheet-wrapped cigars can be tested for acrolein yields in mainstream smoke using the same methods used for the evaluation of cigarettes. The variability in the sheet-wrapped cigars and cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization smoking regimen is statistically similar at the 95% confidence interval; however, increased variability is observed for sheet-wrapped cigar products under the Health Canada Intense (CI) smoking regimen.
Conclusion: The amount of acrolein released by smoking sheet-wrapped cigars can be measured using standard smoking regimen currently used for cigarettes. The sheet-wrapped cigars were determined to yield similar quantity of acrolein from commercial cigarette products using two standard smoking regimens.
Implications:
This article reports on the measured quantity of acrolein from 15 commercial sheetwrapped cigars using a validated standard smoking test method that derivatizes acrolein in the
mainstream smoke with DNPH solution, and uses Liquid Chromatography/Ultra-Violet Detection (LC/UV) for separation and detection. These acrolein yields were similar to the levels found in the smoke from 35 commercial cigarette products measured in the same manner. Although sheetwrapped cigar data were slightly more variable than those found for the cigarette data, this article reports that the production of acrolein is similar to cigarettes. The results demonstrate that sheet-wrapped cigars can be tested for acrolein yields in mainstream smoke using the same methods used for the evaluation of cigarettes.Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9705 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
Titre : Approaches for the design of reduced toxicant emission cigarettes Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : David J Dittrich, Auteur ; Richard T Fieblekorn, Auteur ; Michael J Bevan, Auteur Editeur : Springer Année de publication : 2014 Importance : 23 p. Présentation : tab.,graph. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:fumée:goudron
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtre
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet du tabac:toxicitéIndex. décimale : TA 1.1 Tabac fumé Résumé : Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases through frequent and prolonged exposure to toxicants. Technologies are being developed to reduce smokers’ toxicant exposure, including filter adsorbents, tobacco treatments and substitutes.This study examined the effect of modifications to filter ventilation, variations in cigarette circumference and active charcoal filter length and loading, as well as combinations of these features in a reduced-toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarette, on the yields of toxicants in cigarette smoke. An air-dilution mechanism, called split-tipping, was developed in which a band of porous paper in the centre of the filter tipping functions to minimise the loss of effective filter ventilation that occurs at the high flow rates encountered during human-smoking, and to facilitate the diffusional loss of volatile toxicants. As compared with conventional filter ventilation cigarettes, split-tipping reduced tar and volatile
smoke constituent emissions under high flow rate machine-smoking conditions, most notably for products with a 1-mg ISO tar yield. Furthermore, mouth level exposure (MLE) to tar and nicotine was reduced among smokers of 1-mg ISO tar cigarettes in comparison to smokers of cigarettes with traditional filter ventilation. For higher ISO tar level cigarettes, however, there were no significant reductions in MLE. Smaller cigarette circumferences reduced sidestream toxicant yields and modified the balance of mainstream smoke chemistry with reduced levels of aromatic amines and
benzo[a]pyrene but increased yields of formaldehyde. Smaller circumference cigarettes also had lower mainstream yields of volatile toxicants. Longer cigarette filters containing increased levels of high-activity carbon (HAC) showed reduced machine-smoking yields of volatile toxicants: with up to 97% removal for some volatile toxicants at higher HAC loadings. Split-tipping was combined with optimal filter length and cigarette circumference in an RTP cigarette that gave significantly lower mainstream (up to ~90%) and sidestream (predominately 20%–60%) smoke yields of
numerous toxicants as compared with a commercial comparator cigarette under machine-smoking conditions. Significantly lower mainstream and sidestream smoke toxicant yields were observed for an RTP cigarette comprising several toxicant reducing technologies; these observations warrant further evaluation in clinical studies where real-world relevance can be tested using biomarkers of exposure and physiological effect.Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9846 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
Titre : Comparison of cellulose vs. plastic cigarette filter decomposition under distinct disposal environments Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : François-Xavier Joly, Auteur ; Mathieu Coulis, Auteur Editeur : Elsevier Science Direct Année de publication : 2017 Collection : Waste Management, ISSN 1879-2456 num. 72 Importance : p.349-353 Présentation : tab., graph. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtre
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet sur l'environnement:mégot
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet sur l'environnement:pollutionIndex. décimale : TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) Résumé : It is estimated that 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are discarded annually, making them numerically the most common type of litter on Earth. To accelerate their disappearance after disposal, a new type of cigarette filters made of cellulose, a readily biodegradable compound, has been introduced in the market. Yet, the
advantage of these cellulose filters over the conventional plastic ones (cellulose acetate) for decomposition, remains unknown. Here, we compared the decomposition of cellulose and plastic cigarettes filters, either intact or smoked, on the soil surface or within a composting bin over a six-month field decomposition experiment. Within the compost, cellulose filters decomposed faster than plastic filters, but this advantage was strongly reduced when filters had been used for smoking. This indicates that the accumulation of tars and other chemicals during filter use can strongly affect its subsequent decomposition.
Strikingly, on the soil surface, we observed no difference in mass loss between cellulose and plastic filters throughout the incubation. Using a first order kinetic model for mass loss of for used filters over the short period of our experiment, we estimated that conventional plastic filters take 7.5–14 years to disappear, in the compost and on the soil surface, respectively. In contrast, we estimated that cellulose filters take 2.3– 13 years to disappear, in the compost and on the soil surface, respectively. Our data clearly showed that disposal environments and the use of cellulose filters must be considered when assessing their advantage over plastic filters. In light of our results, we advocate that the shift to cellulose filters should not exempt users from disposing their waste in appropriate collection systems.En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.023 Format de la ressource électronique : Article en ligne Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9804 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
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Menthol capsules in cigarettes filters - increasing the attractiveness of a harmful product / Sarah Kahnert (2010)
Titre : Menthol capsules in cigarettes filters - increasing the attractiveness of a harmful product Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah Kahnert, Auteur Editeur : Heidelberg [Allemagne] : German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) Année de publication : 2010 Collection : Red series - tobacco prevention and tobacco control num. 17 Importance : 31 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtreIndex. décimale : TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) Résumé : Les capsules au menthol dans les filtres à cigarette - augmentation de l'attractivité d'un produit dangereux. Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1886 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 004725 TA 1.1.1 KAH M Monographie Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Disponible Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
Titre : No more butts : reducing plastic pollution means banning the sale of filtered cigarettes Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : May CI van Schalkwyk, Auteur ; T.E. Novotny, Auteur ; Martin McKee, Auteur Editeur : BMJ Publishing Group Année de publication : 23-10-2019 Collection : British Medical Journal Importance : 2 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtre
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet sur l'environnement:mégot
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet sur l'environnement:pollutionIndex. décimale : TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) Résumé : Growing awareness of the harm done to ecosystems through disposal of vast quantities of plastic has created public outrage and compelled governments to act.1 The European Union, for example, will ban many single-use plastic products, such as cutlery, plates, and straws, from 2021.2 However, these measures do not extend to one of the leading sources of plastic waste worldwide that is hiding in plain sight: the cigarette butt.
The largest part of most cigarette butts is a non-biodegradable plastic filter made of cellulose acetate.3 Filters first appeared in the 1950s following early health concerns about cigarettes, and their rapid adoption was helped by the post-war explosion in manufacturing of plastics.4 The tobacco industry portrayed filters as a way to make cigarettes safer by absorbing some of the “tar” that was implicated in the lung cancer epidemic. We now know that this safety argument was a myth (box 1), one of many created by the tobacco industry to sell cigarettes.6En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5890 Format de la ressource électronique : Article en ligne Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9803 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
