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Titre : Addiction in pregnancy Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Joan Keegan, Auteur ; Medhi Parva, Auteur ; Mark Finnegan, Auteur Editeur : Abingdon [Angleterre] : Taylor & Francis Group Année de publication : 2010 Collection : Journal of Addictive Diseases, ISSN 1545-0848 num. 29 Importance : p. 175-191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] tabagisme
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:facteur associé:alcool
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:facteur associé:café (boisson)
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:facteur associé:drogue
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:facteur associé:grossesseIndex. décimale : TA 0.7 Autres drogues Résumé : Substance abuse in pregnancy has increased over the past three decades in the United States, resulting in approximately 225,000 infants yearly with prenatal exposure to illicit substances.Routine screening and the education of women of child bearing age remain the most important ways to reduce addiction in pregnancy. Legal and illegal substances and their effect on pregnancy discussed in this review include opiates, cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and amphetamines. Most literature regarding opiate abuse is derived from clinical experience with heroin and methadone. Poor obstetric outcomes can be up to six times higher in patients abusing opiates. Neonatal care must be specialized to treat symptoms of withdrawal. Cocaine use in pregnancy can lead to spontaneous abortion, preterm births, placental abruption, and congenital anomalies. Neonatal issues include poor feeding, lethargy,
and seizures.Mothers using cocaine require specialized prenatal care and the neonate may require extra supportive care. More than 50% of women in their reproductive years use alcohol. Alcohol is a teratogen and its effects can include spontaneous abortion, growth restriction, birth defects, and mental retardation. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder can have long-term sequelae for the infant. Tobacco use is high among pregnant women, but this can be a time of great motivation to begin cessation efforts. Long-term effects of prenatal tobacco exposure include spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, placental insufficiency, lowbirth weight, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, childhood respiratory disease, and behavioralissues. Marijuana use can lead to fetal growth restriction, as well as withdrawal symptoms in the neonate. Lastly, amphetamines can lead to congenital anomalies and other poor obstetric outcomes. Once recognized, a multidisciplinary approach can lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomesEn ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/10550881003684723 Format de la ressource électronique : Article en ligne Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9696 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
Comparisons of high-dose and combination nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, and bupropion for smoking-cessation / Edward J. Mills (2012)
Titre : Comparisons of high-dose and combination nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, and bupropion for smoking-cessation : a systematic review and multiple treatment meta-analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward J. Mills, Auteur ; Ping Wu, Auteur ; Ian Lockhart, Auteur Editeur : Abingdon [Angleterre] : Taylor & Francis Group Année de publication : 2012 Collection : Annals of Medicine, ISSN 0785-3890 num. Vol. 44 Importance : p. 588-597 Présentation : tab.,ill. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] étude
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique:méthode de sevrage:méthode individuelle:approche pharmacologique:bupropion
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique:méthode de sevrage:méthode individuelle:approche pharmacologique:substitution nicotinique
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique:méthode de sevrage:méthode individuelle:approche pharmacologique:varéniclineIndex. décimale : TA 6.2.3 Approche pharmacologique Résumé : AIM:
This review compared the effect of high-dose nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and combinations of NRT for increasing smoking abstinence rates compared to standard-dose NRT patch, varenicline, and bupropion on smoking abstinence.
METHODS:
Ten electronic databases were searched (up to January 2012) for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of standard-dose (≤ 22 mg) or high-dose nicotine patch therapy (> 22 mg), combination NRT (e.g. nicotine patch + nicotine inhaler), bupropion, and varenicline. Analysis consisted of random-effects pairwise meta-analysis and a Bayesian multiple treatment comparison (MTC).
RESULTS:
We identified 146 RCTs (65 standard-doses of the nicotine patch (≤ 22 mg); 6 high-dose NRT patch (> 22 mg); 5 high versus standard-dose NRT patch; 5 combination NRT versus inert controls; 6 combination versus single NRT patch; 48 bupropion; and 11 varenicline). The MTC found that all therapies offered treatment benefits at most time points over controls. Combination NRT and higher-dose NRT did not demonstrate consistent effects over other interventions. With the exception of varenicline, the benefits of treatments over standard-dose NRT were not retained in the long term.
CONCLUSIONS:
All pharmacologic treatments were significantly more effective than inert controls. Varenicline was the only treatment demonstrating effects over other options. These results should be considered in the development of clinical practice guidelines.En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2012.705016 Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7963 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 005504 TA 6.2.3 MIL C Article/Périodique Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Consultation sur place
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Titre : Management of smoking cessation in patients with psychiatric disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Fagerström, Auteur ; Henri-Jean Aubin, Auteur Editeur : Abingdon [Angleterre] : Taylor & Francis Group Année de publication : 2009 Collection : Current medical research and opinion, ISSN 0300-7995 num. 25:2 Importance : p. 511-518 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [DIVERS] discipline médicale, paramédicale et scientifique:médecine:médecine spécialisée:psychiatrie
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:constituant:alcaloïde:nicotine
[TABAC] prévention:santé:santé mentale
[TABAC] sevrage tabagiqueIndex. décimale : TA 6.2 Méthodes individuelles Résumé : BACKGROUND:
There is a close relationship between tobacco smoking and psychiatric disorders, and a higher proportion of individuals with mental health conditions smoke compared with the general population. Due to the increased smoking prevalence in this population, patients with psychiatric conditions are at greater risk of smoking-related morbidity and mortality and experience detrimental effects on their quality of life. However, while the majority of individuals with a history of mental health conditions appreciate that smoking is detrimental to their health, they are less likely to quit smoking and have a lower success rate during quit attempts compared with the general population.
SCOPE:
Peer-reviewed articles were identified from PubMed using the inclusive date-range of 1990 - October 2008 and the search terms; depression, mental health, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, and smoking cessation. Articles were selected from the search results to provide a general overview of some of the main issues for smokers with psychiatric disorders in general and specifically, those with schizophrenia and depression. The evidence from smoking cessation trials within these populations was also reviewed.
FINDINGS:
Nicotine has some positive effects on symptoms of psychiatric disorders and it has been proposed that patients with mental health conditions may smoke as a form of self-medication. Further, several studies have shown that some symptoms of psychiatric disorders may be exacerbated by nicotine withdrawal. Therefore, attempts to quit smoking pose additional problems to patients with mental health problems.
CONCLUSION:
Traditional programmes for smoking cessation may not always be suitable for psychiatric patients due to their neuropsychological profile. Preliminary evidence suggests that more flexible, open-ended, combination approaches of pharmacotherapy and counselling may be more successful. In addition, identification and treatment of nicotine addiction remains very low in patients with mental health conditions and far more needs to be done to raise the awareness and ability of psychiatrists to diagnose and treat patients with nicotine problems.En ligne : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19192999/ Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8095 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 005644 TA 6.2 FAG M Article/Périodique Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Consultation sur place
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Titre : The efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation using a flexible dosing strategy in adult smokers : a randomized controlled trial Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Raymond S. Niaura, Auteur ; J. Taylor Hays, Auteur ; Douglas E. Jorenby, Auteur Editeur : Abingdon [Angleterre] : Taylor & Francis Group Année de publication : 2008 Collection : Current medical research and opinion, ISSN 0300-7995 num. Vol 24, n. 7 Importance : p. 1931-1941 Présentation : graph., tab. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] étude
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique:méthode de sevrage:méthode individuelle:approche pharmacologique:varéniclineIndex. décimale : TA 6.2.3.1.4 Autres substituts nicotiniques Résumé : Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether self-regulated flexible dosing with varenicline tartrate is safe and effective for smoking cessation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
320 healthy, motivated-to-quit smokers (> or =10 cigarettes/day) aged 18-65 years, entered a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study - conducted between December 26, 2001 and June 24, 2003 - with a 12-week treatment phase and 40-week, double-blind, non-treatment follow-up. Treatment consisted of varenicline or placebo in fixed doses (Week 1: titrated from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/day) followed by a self-regulated flexible schedule (Weeks 2-12: 0.5-2.0 mg/day).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcomes included carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rate (CAR) from smoking for Weeks 4 through 7, 9 through 12, and 9 through 52. Secondary outcomes included CAR from Weeks 9 through 24, 7-day point prevalence of abstinence, safety assessments, and measures of craving, withdrawal, and smoking reward.
RESULTS:
Superior CARs were observed in varenicline-treated (n = 157) versus placebo participants (n=155) for Weeks 4 through 7 (38.2 vs. 11.6%), 9 through 12 (40.1 vs. 11.6%), 9 through 24 (28.0 vs. 9.0%), and 9 through 52 (22.3 vs. 7.7%) (all p CONCLUSIONS:
A self-regulated, flexible dosing regimen of varenicline is well tolerated, with superior effectiveness versus placebo for smoking cessation.Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7940 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 005481 TA 6.2.3.1.4 NIA E Article/Périodique Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Consultation sur place
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Titre : The impact of asthma exacerbations and preventive strategies Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Graham M. Leroy, Auteur Editeur : Abingdon [Angleterre] : Taylor & Francis Group Année de publication : 2015 Collection : Current medical research and opinion, ISSN 0300-7995 Importance : 11 p. Présentation : ill., tab., graph. Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [PROMOSAN] BPCO:exacerbation
[PROMOSAN] prévention
[TABAC] tabagisme:pathologie:pathologie respiratoire:asthmeIndex. décimale : AA 1.1. Généralités Résumé : Objective:
To review the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying asthma exacerbations, the impact of exacerbations, and both current and future treatment strategies to establish asthma control and reduce the risk of future exacerbations.
Research design and methods:
Relevant adult data were identified via PubMed, with additional references obtained by reviewing bibliographies from selected articles.
Results:
Asthma exacerbations or ‘attacks’ are acute episodes of progressive worsening of symptoms which occur in patients with all degrees of asthma severity and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients, these asthma attacks constitute a considerable part of the disease burden in terms of both personal suffering and economic impact. Exacerbations are characterized in part by decreases in expiratory flow or lung function. The pathophysiologic mechanism underlying these changes is likely to be different depending on the specific asthma phenotype. Asthma exacerbations are commonly initiated by upper respiratory tract infections and/or environmental allergens, although there are other known factors which increase the risk of
a patient developing exacerbations, such as cigarette smoking.
Establishing asthma control and reducing the risk of future exacerbations is the main goal of asthma treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination with long-acting b2-agonists, in addition to other step-up strategies such as leukotriene receptor antagonists and theophylline, are recommended. The anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody omalizumab should also be considered in difficult-to-treat allergic asthma.
Conclusions:
Despite the currently available treatments, many patients with asthma remain symptomatic and experience exacerbations regardless of disease severity. New therapies, including long-acting anticholinergics, anticytokines, and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecules, are under investigation with some
promising results. In addition to increased education and use of self-management plans, these novel therapies are essential to help improve asthma control and reduce exacerbation risk.Permalink : http://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9719 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
