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Auteur David Hammond |
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Titre : Secret science : tobacco industry research on smoking behaviour and cigarette toxicity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David Hammond, Auteur ; M. Neil Collishaw, Auteur ; Cynthia Callard, Auteur Editeur : Lancet Année de publication : 2006 Collection : The Lancet num. Vol. 367 Importance : p. 781-787 Présentation : tab. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] économie du tabac:industrie:cigarettier:British American Tobacco
[TABAC] économie du tabac:industrie:cigarettier:Imperial Tobacco Group
[TABAC] tabagisme:habitude tabagiqueIndex. décimale : TA 8.9 Techniques de l'industrie du tabac Résumé : Abstract
A lack of scientific data remains the principal obstacle to regulating cigarette toxicity. In particular, there is an immediate need to improve our understanding of the interaction between smoking behaviour and product design, and its influence on cigarette deliveries. This article reviews internal tobacco industry documents on smoking behaviour research undertaken by Imperial Tobacco Limited (ITL) and British-American Tobacco (BAT). BAT documents indicate that smokers vary their puffing behaviour to regulate nicotine levels and compensate for low-yield cigarettes by smoking them more intensely. BAT research also shows that the tar and nicotine delivered to smokers is substantially greater than the machine-smoked yields reported to consumers and regulators. Internal documents describe a strategy to maximise this discrepancy through product design. In particular, BAT developed elastic cigarettes that produced low yields under standard testing protocols, whereas in consumers' hands they elicited more intensive smoking and provided higher concentrations of tar and nicotine to smokers. Documents also show that BAT pursued this product strategy despite the health risks to consumers and ethical concerns raised by senior scientists, and paired it with an equally successful marketing campaign that promoted these cigarettes as low-tar alternatives for health-concerned smokers. Overall, the documents seem to reveal a product strategy intended to exploit the limitations of the testing protocols and to intentionally conceal from consumers and regulators the potential toxicity of BAT products revealed by BAT's own research. Tobacco industry research underscores the serious limitations of the current cigarette testing protocols and the documents describe deceptive business practices that remain in place.
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 005495 TA 8.9 HAM S Article/Périodique Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Consultation sur place
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Titre : Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages : Findings from the International Tobacco Country Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David Hammond, Auteur ; G.T. Fong, Auteur ; R Borland, Auteur Editeur : Paris [France] : Elsevier Année de publication : 2007 Collection : American Journal of Preventive Medicine num. 32 (3) Catégories : [TABAC] économie du tabac:fabrication du tabac:étiquetage:avertissement sanitaire Index. décimale : TA 9.3.4 Avertissements sanitaires Résumé : Conclusions: :Large, comprehensive warnings on cigarette packages are more likely to be noticed and rated as effective by smokers. Changes in health warnings are also associated with increased effectiveness. Health warnings on US packages, wich were last update in 1984, were associated with the least efffectiveness (article en anglais, résumé en français au verso) Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1440 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 001311 TA 9.3.4 HAM T Article/Périodique Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Consultation sur place
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The association of e-cigarette flavors with satisfaction, enjoyment, and trying to quit or stay abstinent from smoking among regular adult vapers from Canada and the United States / Shannon Gravely (2020)
Titre : The association of e-cigarette flavors with satisfaction, enjoyment, and trying to quit or stay abstinent from smoking among regular adult vapers from Canada and the United States : findings from the 2018 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Shannon Gravely, Auteur ; K. Michael Cummings, Auteur ; David Hammond, Auteur ; Lindblom, Auteur ; Danielle M. Smith, Auteur Editeur : Oxford University Press Année de publication : 2020 Collection : Nicotine and Tobacco Research Importance : 13 p. Présentation : tab., graph Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [DIVERS] géographie:Amérique:Amérique du Nord:Canada
[DIVERS] géographie:Amérique:Amérique du Nord:Etats-Unis
[TABAC] CANDIDATS:e-cigarette
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:constituant:additif:agent de saveur
[TABAC] étude:enquête
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet du tabac:effet bénéfique du tabac:plaisir de fumerIndex. décimale : TA 1.4 Additifs Résumé : Aims
This study examined whether nontobacco flavors are more commonly used by vapers (e-cigarette users) compared with tobacco flavor, described which flavors are most popular, and tested whether flavors are associated with: vaping satisfaction relative to smoking, level of enjoyment with vaping, reasons for using e-cigarettes, and making an attempt to quit smoking by smokers.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1603 adults from Canada and the United States who vaped at least weekly, and were either current smokers (concurrent users) or former smokers (exclusive vapers). Respondents were categorized into one of seven flavors they used most in the last month: tobacco, tobacco–menthol, unflavored, or one of the nontobacco flavors: menthol/mint, fruit, candy, or “other” (eg, coffee).
Results
Vapers use a wide range of flavors, with 63.1% using a nontobacco flavor. The most common flavor categories were fruit (29.4%) and tobacco (28.7%), followed by mint/menthol (14.4%) and candy (13.5%). Vapers using candy (41.0%, p < .0001) or fruit flavors (26.0%, p = .01) found vaping more satisfying (compared with smoking) than vapers using tobacco flavor (15.5%) and rated vaping as very/extremely enjoyable (fruit: 50.9%; candy: 60.9%) than those using tobacco flavor (39.4%). Among concurrent users, those using fruit (74.6%, p = .04) or candy flavors (81.1%, p = .003) were more likely than tobacco flavor users (63.5%) to vape in order to quit smoking. Flavor category was not associated with the likelihood of a quit attempt (p = .46). Among exclusive vapers, tobacco and nontobacco flavors were popular; however, those using tobacco (99.0%) were more likely than those using candy (72.8%, p = .002) or unflavored (42.5%, p = .005) to vape in order to stay quit.
Conclusions
A majority of regular vapers in Canada and the US use nontobacco flavors. Greater satisfaction and enjoyment with vaping are higher among fruit and candy flavor users. While it does not appear that certain flavors are associated with a greater propensity to attempt to quit smoking among concurrent users, nontobacco flavors are popular among former smokers who are exclusively vaping. Future research should determine the likely impact of flavor bans on those who are vaping to quit smoking or to stay quit.
Implications
Recent concerns about the attractiveness of e-cigarette flavors among youth have resulted in flavor restrictions in some jurisdictions of the United States and Canada. However, little is known about the possible consequences for current and former smokers if they no longer have access to their preferred flavors. This study shows that a variety of nontobacco flavors, especially fruit, are popular among adult vapers, particularly among those who have quit smoking and are now exclusively vaping. Limiting access to flavors may therefore reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes among adults who are trying to quit smoking or stay quit.En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa095 Format de la ressource électronique : Article en ligne Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10220 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
Titre : The impact of cigarette package design on perceptions of risk Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David Hammond, Auteur ; Carla Parkinson, Auteur Editeur : Oxford University Press Année de publication : 27/07/2009 Collection : Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1741-3850 num. 31 Importance : p. 345-353 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette
[TABAC] économie du tabac:fabrication du tabac:étiquetage:avertissement sanitaire
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:perception du risqueIndex. décimale : TA 9.3.4 Avertissements sanitaires Résumé : Les dispositions légales sur les produits du tabac ont échoué pour l'instant en matière de protection contre la tromperie. C'est la conclusion à laquelle sont parvenus David Hammond et Carla Parkinson de l'Université de Waterloo au Canada, après avoir interrogé plus de 600 personnes sur différents emballages de cigarettes. Quant les termes de doux («smooth» en anglais) et d'argent («silver» en anglais) figuraient sur le paquet, les personnes interrogées estimaient nettement plus souvent que les cigarettes avaient un goût plus doux et un taux de goudron inférieur et entraînaient moins de risques pour la santé. Il en va de même pour les paquets aux couleurs claires et portant l'illustration d'un filtre. Des cigarettes dont les paquets utilisaient des notions comme une pleine saveur ont servi de comparaison. L'évaluation du taux de goudron et des risques pour la santé était à chaque fois en lien direct avec le jugement sur le goût. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdp066 Format de la ressource électronique : HTML, PDF Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2862 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité TA 002413 TA 9.3.4. HAM I Article/Périodique Bibliothèque FARES Tabac Consultation sur place
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