Gender differences in use of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco products among adolescents aged 13–15 years in 20 African countries / Israel T. Agaku (2024)  

Public Titre : Gender differences in use of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco products among adolescents aged 13–15 years in 20 African countries Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Israel T. Agaku, Auteur ; Rose Sulentic, Auteur ; Adriana Dragicevic, Auteur Editeur : Héraklion [Grèce] : EU European Publishing Année de publication : 2024 Collection : Tobacco Induced Diseases num. 22:20 Importance : 17 p. Présentation : graph., tab. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [DIVERS] géographie:Afrique [DIVERS] personne:famille:adolescent [DIVERS] personne:par sexe [TABAC] CANDIDATS:e-cigarette [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette [TABAC] étude [TABAC] étude:statistique:prévalence [TABAC] tabagisme:habitude tabagique Index. décimale : TA 4.1.1 Facteurs prédictifs du tabagisme (génétique inclus) Résumé : INTRODUCTION Examining gender differences in youth tobacco use is important as it aligns tobacco control within the context of broader human development goals seeking to eliminate gender inequalities. In this study, we examined gender differences in adolescent use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Africa. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Our analytical sample comprised 56442 adolescents aged 13–15 years from 20 African countries. Weighted, country-specific prevalence estimates were computed overall and by gender. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were calculated in a multivariable Poisson regression model to examine whether correlates of tobacco use differed between boys and girls. RESULTS Ever cigarette smoking prevalence was significantly higher among boys than girls in 16 of the 20 countries, but a significantly higher percentage of girls reported earlier age of cigarette smoking initiation than boys within pooled analysis. Some of the largest gender differences in current cigarette smoking were seen in Algeria (12.2% vs 0.8%, boys and girls, respectively), Mauritius (21.2% vs 6.6%), and Madagascar (15.0% vs 4.1%). Current use of e-cigarettes, shisha, and smokeless tobacco was generally comparable between boys and girls where data existed. Among girls, higher levels of reported exposure to tobacco advertisement were positively associated with shisha smoking whereas perceived tobacco harm was inversely associated with current cigarette and shisha smoking. Among boys, perceived social acceptability of smoking at parties was associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking (APR=2.27; 95% Cl: 1.20–4.30). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cigarette smoking among boys was higher than that of girls in many countries. However, girls who smoke tend to start at an earlier age than boys. Differential gender patterns of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco product use among youth may have implications for future disease burden. As the tobacco control landscape evolves, tobacco prevention efforts should focus on all tobacco products, not just cigarettes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/169753 Format de la ressource électronique : Article en ligne Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10311

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A study of pyrazines in cigarettes and how additives might be used to enhance tobacco addiction / Hillel R. Alpert (June 2015)  

Public Titre : A study of pyrazines in cigarettes and how additives might be used to enhance tobacco addiction Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Hillel R. Alpert, Auteur ; Israel T. Agaku, Auteur ; Gregory Connolly, Auteur Editeur : BMJ Publishing Group Année de publication : June 2015 Collection : Tobacco Control Importance : p.1-7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:constituant:alcaloïde:nicotine [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette [TABAC] tabagisme:aspect psychologique:comportement:addiction Index. décimale : TA 1 Constituants du tabac Résumé : Background Nicotine is known as the drug that is responsible for the addicted behaviour of tobacco users, but it has poor reinforcing effects when administered alone. Tobacco product design features enhance abuse liability by (A) optimising the dynamic delivery of nicotine to central nervous system receptors, and affecting smokers’ withdrawal symptoms, mood and behaviour; and (B) effecting conditioned learning, through sensory cues, including aroma, touch and visual stimulation, to create perceptions of pending nicotine reward. This study examines the use of additives called ‘pyrazines’, which may enhance abuse potential, their introduction in ‘lights’ and subsequently in the highly market successful Marlboro Lights (Gold) cigarettes and eventually many major brands. Methods We conducted internal tobacco industry research using online databases in conjunction with published scientific literature research, based on an iterative feedback process. Results Tobacco manufacturers developed the use of a range of compounds, including pyrazines, in order to enhance ‘light’ cigarette products’ acceptance and sales. Pyrazines with chemosensory and pharmacological effects were incorporated in the first ‘full-flavour, low-tar’ product achieving high market success. Such additives may enhance dependence by helping to optimise nicotine delivery and dosing and through cueing and learned behaviour. Conclusions Cigarette additives and ingredients with chemosensory effects that promote addiction by acting synergistically with nicotine, increasing product appeal, easing smoking initiation, discouraging cessation or promoting relapse should be regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration. Current models of tobacco abuse liability could be revised to include more explicit roles with regard to non-nicotine constituents that enhance abuse potential. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051943 Format de la ressource électronique : PDF Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9526

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