(2005)
Exemplaires (1)
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(2014)
| Titre : |
Approaches for the design of reduced toxicant emission cigarettes |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
David J Dittrich, Auteur ; Richard T Fieblekorn, Auteur ; Michael J Bevan, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Springer |
| Année de publication : |
2014 |
| Importance : |
23 p. |
| Présentation : |
tab.,graph. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:fumée:goudron
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtre
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet du tabac:toxicité
|
| Index. décimale : |
TA 1.1 Tabac fumé |
| Résumé : |
Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases through frequent and prolonged exposure to toxicants. Technologies are being developed to reduce smokers’ toxicant exposure, including filter adsorbents, tobacco treatments and substitutes.This study examined the effect of modifications to filter ventilation, variations in cigarette circumference and active charcoal filter length and loading, as well as combinations of these features in a reduced-toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarette, on the yields of toxicants in cigarette smoke. An air-dilution mechanism, called split-tipping, was developed in which a band of porous paper in the centre of the filter tipping functions to minimise the loss of effective filter ventilation that occurs at the high flow rates encountered during human-smoking, and to facilitate the diffusional loss of volatile toxicants. As compared with conventional filter ventilation cigarettes, split-tipping reduced tar and volatile
smoke constituent emissions under high flow rate machine-smoking conditions, most notably for products with a 1-mg ISO tar yield. Furthermore, mouth level exposure (MLE) to tar and nicotine was reduced among smokers of 1-mg ISO tar cigarettes in comparison to smokers of cigarettes with traditional filter ventilation. For higher ISO tar level cigarettes, however, there were no significant reductions in MLE. Smaller cigarette circumferences reduced sidestream toxicant yields and modified the balance of mainstream smoke chemistry with reduced levels of aromatic amines and
benzo[a]pyrene but increased yields of formaldehyde. Smaller circumference cigarettes also had lower mainstream yields of volatile toxicants. Longer cigarette filters containing increased levels of high-activity carbon (HAC) showed reduced machine-smoking yields of volatile toxicants: with up to 97% removal for some volatile toxicants at higher HAC loadings. Split-tipping was combined with optimal filter length and cigarette circumference in an RTP cigarette that gave significantly lower mainstream (up to ~90%) and sidestream (predominately 20%–60%) smoke yields of
numerous toxicants as compared with a commercial comparator cigarette under machine-smoking conditions. Significantly lower mainstream and sidestream smoke toxicant yields were observed for an RTP cigarette comprising several toxicant reducing technologies; these observations warrant further evaluation in clinical studies where real-world relevance can be tested using biomarkers of exposure and physiological effect. |
| Permalink : |
https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9846 |
|
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| Titre : |
Automated detection of controlled substances from sealed e-cigarettes |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
Matthew Gardner, Auteur ; Celeste Bowden, Auteur ; Shoaib Manzoor, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
American Chemical Society (ACS) |
| Année de publication : |
2024 |
| Collection : |
Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 2573-2293 |
| Importance : |
10 p. |
| Présentation : |
ill., graph. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[DIVERS] géographie:Europe:Europe occidentale:Royaume-Uni
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette électronique
[TABAC] étude
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet du tabac:toxicité
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:facteur associé:drogue
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque:facteur associé:drogue:cannabis
|
| Index. décimale : |
TA 0.7 Autres drogues |
| Résumé : |
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are novel psychoactive substances (NPS)that are highly potent and associated with a range of severe toxicities. SC use, which is common in UK prisons and homeless communities, typically involves combustion of SC-soaked herb or paper material. Recently, e-cigarettes (or vapes) have emerged as popular delivery vehicles for SCs, and consumption amongst the general population has risen significantly. SC-containing e-cigarettes (or e-liquids) are sold through street dealers or on the black market, often as imitation cannabis extracts, where both compound and concentration are un?specified. The risk of SC toxicity due to accidental consumption is therefore high. Numerous overdoes tied to SC-containing e?cigarettes have been reported in schools around the UK, where side effects include psychosis, seizure and cardiac arrest. SCs cannot be identified in complex e-liquid matrices using current field-portable detection technologies, preventing the rapid screening of suspicious products. Herein, we report on the design and development of a device that can rapidly detect SCs and other relevant drugs in sealed e-cigarettes and e-liquids. We describe and implement a method to artificially actuate an e-cigarette, simultaneously depositing e-liquid vapor onto a physical matrix. We couple this extraction method with fluorescence-based detection of SCs to create a rapid and generic test for SC-containing e-cigarettes. In addition, we expand the potential of the detection modality by leveraging the photochemical degradation of THC and nitazenes on a solid matrix as a means for their rapid detection from e-liquids and sealed e-cigarettes. |
| En ligne : |
https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-ns335 |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Article en ligne |
| Permalink : |
https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10481 |
|
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(2017)
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(2021)
| Titre : |
Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
Renée O'Leary, Auteur ; Riccardo Polosa, Auteur ; Giovanni Li Volti, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Euan Lawson |
| Année de publication : |
2021 |
| Collection : |
Harm Reduction Journal num. 18/31 |
| Importance : |
15 p. |
| Présentation : |
tab. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[DIVERS] géographie:Europe
[DIVERS] personne:par âge:jeune
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] étude:statistique:prévalence
[TABAC] prévention:recommandation
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique
[TABAC] tabagisme:évaluation du tabagisme:marqueur
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque
|
| Mots-clés : |
revue de la littérature |
| Index. décimale : |
TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) |
| Résumé : |
Background:
In preparation for the 2021 revision of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive, the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has posted its Preliminary Opinion on Electronic Cigarettes. They concluded that e-cigarettes only achieve a sub-optimal level of protection of human health. In this
paper, we provide evidence that the Opinion’s conclusions are not adequately backed up by scientific evidence and did not discuss the potential health benefits of using alternative combustion-free nicotine-containing products as substitute for tobacco cigarettes.
Methods:
Searches for articles were conducted in PubMed and by citation chasing in Google Scholar. Articles were also retrieved with a review of references in major publications. Primary data from World Health Organization surveys, the conclusions of reviews, and peer-reviewed non-industry studies were cited to address errors and omissions identified in the Opinion.
Results:
The Opinion omitted reporting on the individual and population health benefits of the substitution of e-cigarettes (ENDS) for cigarette smoking. Alternative hypotheses to the gateway theory were not evaluated. Its assessment of cardiovascular risk is contradicted by numerous reviews. It cites ever-use data that do not represent current patterns of use. It did not report non-nicotine use. It presented erroneous statements on trends in ENDS prevalence. It over-emphasized the role of flavours in youth ENDS initiation. It did not discuss cessation in sufficient length.
Conclusions:
For the delivery of a robust and comprehensive final report, the members of the Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks will need to consider (1) the potential health benefits of ENDS substitution for cigarette smoking, (2) alternative hypotheses and contradictory studies on the gateway effect, (3) its assessment of cardiovascular risk, (4) the measurements of frequency of use, (5) non-nicotine use, (6) the role of flavours, and (7) a fulsome discussion of cessation. |
| Permalink : |
https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9869 |
|
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(2022-02)
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| Titre : |
Forecasting vaping health risks through neural network model prediction of flavour pyrolysis reactions |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
Akihiro Kishimoto, Auteur ; Dan Wu, Auteur ; Donal F. O’Shea, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Springer Nature |
| Année de publication : |
2024 |
| Collection : |
Scientific Reports num. 14 |
| Importance : |
14 p. |
| Présentation : |
graph., tab., ill. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[TABAC] CANDIDATS:e-cigarette
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:constituant:additif:agent de saveur
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet du tabac:effet neurologique
|
| Mots-clés : |
e-liquide |
| Index. décimale : |
TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) |
| Résumé : |
Vaping involves the heating of chemical solutions (e-liquids) to high temperatures prior to lung inhalation. A risk exists that these chemicals undergo thermal decomposition to new chemical
entities, the composition and health implications of which are largely unknown. To address this concern, a graph-convolutional neural network (NN) model was used to predict pyrolysis reactivity
of 180 e-liquid chemical flavours. The output of this supervised machine learning approach was a dataset of probability ranked pyrolysis transformations and their associated 7307 products. To refine this dataset, the molecular weight of each NN predicted product was automatically correlated with experimental mass spectrometry (MS) fragmentation data for each flavour chemical. This blending of deep learning methods with experimental MS data identified 1169 molecular weight matches that prioritized these compounds for further analysis. The average number of discrete matches per flavour between NN predictions and MS fragmentation was 6.4 with 92.8% of flavours having at least one match. Globally harmonized system classifications for NN/MS matches were extracted
from PubChem, revealing that 127 acute toxic, 153 health hazard and 225 irritant classifications were predicted. This approach may reveal the longer-term health risks of vaping in advance of clinical diseases emerging in the general population. |
| En ligne : |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59619-x |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Article en ligne |
| Permalink : |
https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10289 |
|
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(1995-05-31)
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(2001)
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(2002-06-25)
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(2003-03)
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(2013)
Exemplaires (1)
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(2013)
Exemplaires (1)
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