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Auteur Renée O'Leary |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)


Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes / Renée O'Leary (2021)
Titre : Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Renée O'Leary, Auteur ; Riccardo Polosa, Auteur ; Giovanni Li Volti, Auteur Editeur : Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Euan Lawson Année de publication : 2021 Collection : Harm Reduction Journal num. 18/31 Importance : 15 p. Présentation : tab. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [DIVERS] géographie:Europe
[DIVERS] personne:par âge:jeune
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] étude:statistique:prévalence
[TABAC] prévention:recommandation
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique
[TABAC] tabagisme:évaluation du tabagisme:marqueur
[TABAC] tabagisme:risqueMots-clés : revue de la littérature Index. décimale : TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) Résumé : Background:
In preparation for the 2021 revision of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive, the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has posted its Preliminary Opinion on Electronic Cigarettes. They concluded that e-cigarettes only achieve a sub-optimal level of protection of human health. In this
paper, we provide evidence that the Opinion’s conclusions are not adequately backed up by scientific evidence and did not discuss the potential health benefits of using alternative combustion-free nicotine-containing products as substitute for tobacco cigarettes.
Methods:
Searches for articles were conducted in PubMed and by citation chasing in Google Scholar. Articles were also retrieved with a review of references in major publications. Primary data from World Health Organization surveys, the conclusions of reviews, and peer-reviewed non-industry studies were cited to address errors and omissions identified in the Opinion.
Results:
The Opinion omitted reporting on the individual and population health benefits of the substitution of e-cigarettes (ENDS) for cigarette smoking. Alternative hypotheses to the gateway theory were not evaluated. Its assessment of cardiovascular risk is contradicted by numerous reviews. It cites ever-use data that do not represent current patterns of use. It did not report non-nicotine use. It presented erroneous statements on trends in ENDS prevalence. It over-emphasized the role of flavours in youth ENDS initiation. It did not discuss cessation in sufficient length.
Conclusions:
For the delivery of a robust and comprehensive final report, the members of the Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks will need to consider (1) the potential health benefits of ENDS substitution for cigarette smoking, (2) alternative hypotheses and contradictory studies on the gateway effect, (3) its assessment of cardiovascular risk, (4) the measurements of frequency of use, (5) non-nicotine use, (6) the role of flavours, and (7) a fulsome discussion of cessation.Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9869 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !
Titre : Patterns of use of e-cigarettes and their respiratory effects : protocol for an umbrella review Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa, Auteur ; Riccardo Polosa, Auteur ; Renée O'Leary, Auteur Editeur : Toronto [Canada] : Journal of Medical Internet Research - JMIR Année de publication : 2024 Collection : Journal of Medical Internet Research - JMIR num. 13 Importance : 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette électronique
[TABAC] étude
[TABAC] prévention:santé
[TABAC] tabagisme:pathologie:pathologie respiratoireIndex. décimale : TA 3.2.2.4 Pathologies respiratoires Résumé : Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)—e-cigarettes or vapes—have been shown to substantially reduce or eliminate many toxins compared with cigarette smoke, but simultaneously ENDS use also produces their own unique toxins. Yet the patterns of use among people who use ENDS are not homogeneous. Some people who use ENDS also smoke cigarettes (dual use). Other people who formerly smoked cigarettes are completely substituting ENDS (exclusive use). A small number of people who have never smoked cigarettes are using ENDS (naïve use of nicotine). Each of these patterns of use results in different exposures to toxins. Unfortunately, epidemiological studies routinely group together any ENDS use regardless of other tobacco use.
Objective: This umbrella review primarily aims to present all the evidence available on the respiratory effects of ENDS use by adults based on their pattern of use: dual use, exclusive use, and naïve use. With each of these patterns of use, are there benefits, no changes, or harmful effects on respiratory functioning? Our objective is to provide clinicians with a detailed analysis of how different patterns of ENDS use impact respiratory functioning and to point to the best sources of evidence.
Methods: This umbrella review follows the Methods for Overviews of Reviews framework and the PRIOR (Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews) statement. Systematic reviews published since 2019 will be searched across 4 databases and 3 gray literature sources. Additional searches will include citation chasing, references lists, and referrals from respiratory specialists. The quality of included reviews will be evaluated using the AMSTAR2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) checklist. We will document biases in 3 areas: protocol deviations, biases from the Oxford Catalogue of Bias, and internal data discrepancies. Two reviewers will independently conduct the search and quality assessments. Our analysis will focus on reviews rated as moderate or high confidence by AMSTAR2. We will use the Vote Counting Direction of Effect method to manage expected data heterogeneity, assessing whether ENDS use is beneficial or detrimental, or has no effect on respiratory functions based on the pattern of use.
Results: The review is expected to be completed by December 2024. The database search was concluded in April 2024, and data extraction and bias assessment were completed in June 2024. The analysis phase is planned to be completed by October 2024.
Conclusions: A thorough and comprehensive assessment of the evidence will better inform the contentious debate over the respiratory effects of ENDS providing much needed clarity by linking their effects to specific usage patterns. This analysis is particularly crucial in understanding the risks associated with continued cigarette smoking.
En ligne : https://www.doi.org/10.2196/60325 Format de la ressource électronique : Article en ligne Permalink : https://biblio.fares.be/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10460 Aucun avis, veuillez vous identifier pour ajouter le vôtre !