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(2014)
| Titre : |
Approaches for the design of reduced toxicant emission cigarettes |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
David J Dittrich, Auteur ; Richard T Fieblekorn, Auteur ; Michael J Bevan, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Springer |
| Année de publication : |
2014 |
| Importance : |
23 p. |
| Présentation : |
tab.,graph. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:fumée:goudron
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:tabac fumé:cigarette:cigarette filtre
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] tabagisme:effet du tabac:toxicité
|
| Index. décimale : |
TA 1.1 Tabac fumé |
| Résumé : |
Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases through frequent and prolonged exposure to toxicants. Technologies are being developed to reduce smokers’ toxicant exposure, including filter adsorbents, tobacco treatments and substitutes.This study examined the effect of modifications to filter ventilation, variations in cigarette circumference and active charcoal filter length and loading, as well as combinations of these features in a reduced-toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarette, on the yields of toxicants in cigarette smoke. An air-dilution mechanism, called split-tipping, was developed in which a band of porous paper in the centre of the filter tipping functions to minimise the loss of effective filter ventilation that occurs at the high flow rates encountered during human-smoking, and to facilitate the diffusional loss of volatile toxicants. As compared with conventional filter ventilation cigarettes, split-tipping reduced tar and volatile
smoke constituent emissions under high flow rate machine-smoking conditions, most notably for products with a 1-mg ISO tar yield. Furthermore, mouth level exposure (MLE) to tar and nicotine was reduced among smokers of 1-mg ISO tar cigarettes in comparison to smokers of cigarettes with traditional filter ventilation. For higher ISO tar level cigarettes, however, there were no significant reductions in MLE. Smaller cigarette circumferences reduced sidestream toxicant yields and modified the balance of mainstream smoke chemistry with reduced levels of aromatic amines and
benzo[a]pyrene but increased yields of formaldehyde. Smaller circumference cigarettes also had lower mainstream yields of volatile toxicants. Longer cigarette filters containing increased levels of high-activity carbon (HAC) showed reduced machine-smoking yields of volatile toxicants: with up to 97% removal for some volatile toxicants at higher HAC loadings. Split-tipping was combined with optimal filter length and cigarette circumference in an RTP cigarette that gave significantly lower mainstream (up to ~90%) and sidestream (predominately 20%–60%) smoke yields of
numerous toxicants as compared with a commercial comparator cigarette under machine-smoking conditions. Significantly lower mainstream and sidestream smoke toxicant yields were observed for an RTP cigarette comprising several toxicant reducing technologies; these observations warrant further evaluation in clinical studies where real-world relevance can be tested using biomarkers of exposure and physiological effect. |
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Exemplaires (1)
|
| TA 005983 | 2.4.1 HAV A | Mémoire/Thèse | Bibliothèque FARES | Tabac | Consultation sur place
Exclu du prêt |
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(2019-08-22)
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(2022-08)
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(2007)
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(2009)
Exemplaires (1)
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(2017)
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| Titre : |
Characterization of ad libitum use behavior of On! nicotine pouches |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
Elizabeth Becker, Auteur ; Stacey McCaffrey, Auteur ; Jennifer Lewis, Auteur ; Andrea R. Vansickel, Auteur ; Elsa Larson, Auteur ; Mohamadi Sarkar, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Los Angeles [USA] : PNG Publications and Scientific Research Limited |
| Année de publication : |
2023 |
| Collection : |
American Journal of Health Behaviour, ISSN 1945-7359 num. 47(3)  |
| Importance : |
p. 428-449 |
| Présentation : |
graph. ; tab. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[TABAC] chimie du tabac:constituant:alcaloïde:nicotine
[TABAC] étude
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique:méthode de sevrage:méthode individuelle:approche pharmacologique:substitution nicotinique
|
| Mots-clés : |
Pouche de nicotine |
| Index. décimale : |
TA 1.2 Tabac non fumé |
| Résumé : |
Objectives: Actual use of nicotine pouch products is not well studied. The objectives of this study were to characterize on ® nicotine pouch (Test Products (TP)) use behavior, including association with cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) product use.
Methods: Adults who smoke cigarettes (AS) and/or adults who use ST (ASTU) (N=1147) that were not planning to quit and had expressed interest in trying and using TP after a 5-day trial were offered ad libitum use of TPs (7 flavors at 5 nicotine levels) for 6 weeks.
Results: Participants used a median of ~5-6 pouches/day of a variety of flavors and nicotine levels. In the final week of the study, 27% of AS and 71% of ASTU reported no use of cigarettes or ST respectively, while reporting continued use of TPs. Additionally, 39% of AS and 14% of ASTU reduced consumption of cigarettes or ST products respectively by 50%-99%, compared to reported use at screening. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between TP flavor varieties and number of cigarettes/ST.
Conclusions: These data suggest that TPs can be potential substitutes for cigarettes/ST products, and complete switching may offer harm reduction potential for AS and ASTU not interested in quitting. |
| En ligne : |
https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.47.3.1 |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Article en ligne |
| Permalink : |
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(01/01/2006)
Exemplaires (1)
|
| TA 001304 | TA 5.8 ANO C | Article/Périodique | Bibliothèque FARES | Tabac | Consultation sur place
Exclu du prêt |
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(2003)
| Titre : |
Comprendre nos dépendances pour mieux les dépasser |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
Juan Coulon, Éditeur scientifique |
| Editeur : |
Fédération Belge contre le Cancer |
| Année de publication : |
2003 |
| ISBN/ISSN/EAN : |
978-2-87247-023-5 |
| Langues : |
Français (fre) |
| Catégories : |
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] tabagisme:dépendance tabagique
|
| Index. décimale : |
TA 4 Habitudes et dépendances |
| Résumé : |
Tout comme nous, nos dépendances sont multiples et variées. Elles nous ressemblent. quoi de plus normal, puisqu'elles sont associées à nos comportements les plus fondamentaux. Leurs causes sont un subtil mélange d'inné, d'acquis, de prédispositions, d'habitudes et d'influences. Certains nous aident à exister, mais beaucoup nous empoisonnent la vie...au propre comme au figuré. Comprendre ce qui nous rend dépendants, identifier nos dépendances et connaîtres les risques particuliers de certaines d'entre elles, c'est la première étape permettant de choisis, de décider ou de réagir. Cette compréhension, sans banalisation, sans jugement ni dramatisation est l'objectif de ce livre. |
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(2021)
| Titre : |
Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes |
| Type de document : |
document électronique |
| Auteurs : |
Renée O'Leary, Auteur ; Riccardo Polosa, Auteur ; Giovanni Li Volti, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Euan Lawson |
| Année de publication : |
2021 |
| Collection : |
Harm Reduction Journal num. 18/31 |
| Importance : |
15 p. |
| Présentation : |
tab. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
[DIVERS] géographie:Europe
[DIVERS] personne:par âge:jeune
[TABAC] chimie du tabac
[TABAC] étude:statistique:prévalence
[TABAC] prévention:recommandation
[TABAC] prévention:stratégie:réduction du risque
[TABAC] sevrage tabagique
[TABAC] tabagisme:évaluation du tabagisme:marqueur
[TABAC] tabagisme:risque
|
| Mots-clés : |
revue de la littérature |
| Index. décimale : |
TA 1.1.1 Cigarettes (« normales », électroniques, aromatisées,…) |
| Résumé : |
Background:
In preparation for the 2021 revision of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive, the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has posted its Preliminary Opinion on Electronic Cigarettes. They concluded that e-cigarettes only achieve a sub-optimal level of protection of human health. In this
paper, we provide evidence that the Opinion’s conclusions are not adequately backed up by scientific evidence and did not discuss the potential health benefits of using alternative combustion-free nicotine-containing products as substitute for tobacco cigarettes.
Methods:
Searches for articles were conducted in PubMed and by citation chasing in Google Scholar. Articles were also retrieved with a review of references in major publications. Primary data from World Health Organization surveys, the conclusions of reviews, and peer-reviewed non-industry studies were cited to address errors and omissions identified in the Opinion.
Results:
The Opinion omitted reporting on the individual and population health benefits of the substitution of e-cigarettes (ENDS) for cigarette smoking. Alternative hypotheses to the gateway theory were not evaluated. Its assessment of cardiovascular risk is contradicted by numerous reviews. It cites ever-use data that do not represent current patterns of use. It did not report non-nicotine use. It presented erroneous statements on trends in ENDS prevalence. It over-emphasized the role of flavours in youth ENDS initiation. It did not discuss cessation in sufficient length.
Conclusions:
For the delivery of a robust and comprehensive final report, the members of the Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks will need to consider (1) the potential health benefits of ENDS substitution for cigarette smoking, (2) alternative hypotheses and contradictory studies on the gateway effect, (3) its assessment of cardiovascular risk, (4) the measurements of frequency of use, (5) non-nicotine use, (6) the role of flavours, and (7) a fulsome discussion of cessation. |
| Permalink : |
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